Batu Khan (c. 1207–1255), a grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Golden Horde in the western part of the Mongol Empire, which ruled over Russia and Eastern Europe for centuries.   Hulagu Khan (c. 1217–1265), another grandson, founded the Ilkhanate in Persia afte

After Genghis Khan's death in 1227, his third son Ögedei Khan was elected as the second Great Khan. Ögedei continued his father’s vision by further expanding the empire and consolidating control over newly conquered lands. Under Ögedei's leadership, the Mongols comple

The Mongols are one of the most significant nomadic peoples in world history, known primarily for their creation of the largest contiguous land empire in history under their extraordinary leaders. Their rise to power transformed Eurasia and shaped the political, cultural, and economic landscapes fro

1. Capturing and Defeating Rivals Temüjin’s rise was marked by a series of military victories over rival tribes. Notably, he captured and executed Jamukha in 1206 after defeating him in battle. He also decisively defeated the Naimans and Merkits, consolidating Mongol tribes under his l